Last updated on .From the section Cricket
Azeem Rafiq played for Yorkshire between 2008 and 2018 and captained the county in 2012
English cricket is "institutionally" racist, says former Yorkshire player Azeem Rafiq.
Rafiq, 30, told a Digital, Culture, Media and Sport select committee that racist language was "constantly" used during his time at Yorkshire.
In an emotional testimony, he also said the club gave him "inhuman" treatment after his son was still-born in 2017.
He added the issues he faced at Yorkshire are "without a shadow of a doubt" widespread in domestic cricket.
Rafiq said he had lost his career to racism, which is a "horrible feeling" but that "hopefully" by speaking out there will be "massive change in five years' time".
"All I wanted was an acceptance, an apology, an understanding, and let's try and work together to ensure it never happens again," he continued.
"I was not going to let this go, no matter how much damage it causes me - I was determined to become a voice for the voiceless."
In wide-ranging testimony, Rafiq also said:
All he ever wanted to do was realise his "dream" of playing for England
Racist language, including terms aimed at his and others' Pakistani heritage, was used "constantly" and "never stamped out" during his time at Yorkshire
The use of such terms was racist and not "banter" as the report had concluded
It left him feeling "isolated" and "humiliated", with racist comments made by others in front of team-mates and coaching staff but not challenged
The use of such language was so common it "became the norm" and people at the club "didn't think it was wrong"
He "didn't realise" and was "in denial" about the scale of the problem during most of his first spell at Yorkshire, up until 2014
He thought "things had changed" when he returned for his second spell in 2016
But the atmosphere became "toxic" after Gary Ballance took over as captain later that year, shortly after former batter Andrew Gale replaced Jason Gillespie as head coach
Aged 15 and a practising Muslim, he was pinned down by a senior player at his local cricket club and red wine was poured down his mouth
He said he did not drink again until "around 2012" when he felt he had to "to fit in" at Yorkshire
He said he "wasn't perfect" and was "not proud" of some of the things he did and said while drinking, but these have "no relation" to the racism he was subjected to
The report into his allegations was "shoddy at best" and the panel failed to speak to key witnesses
Rafiq speaks of 'inhuman treatment' during 'difficult pregnancy'
Rafiq was giving evidence to MPs after a report found he was a victim of "racial harassment and bullying" but the club said they would not discipline anyone.
Yorkshire's former chairman Roger Hutton is talking to MPs now, with representatives from the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) due to speak later.
Hutton, who offered he "profound apologies" to Rafiq, said director of cricket Martyn Moxon and former chief executive Mark Arthur "failed to accept the gravity of the situation".
"They have not wanted to apologise or take the recommendations of the panel going forward," he added.
When asked by Damian Green MP if he thought cricket was institutionally racist, Rafiq replied: "Yes, I do."
In response to a question by Julian Knight MP, chair of the DCMS select committee, on whether the issues he faced were "replicated" at other counties, Rafiq said: "It's a problem up and down the country."
Rafiq said that the day after his son died, Moxon "ripped shreds" off him in a manner he had never seen Moxon address anyone else at the club.
He also said he was part of a group of "six or seven" players who made a complaint about former England player Tim Bresnan in 2017, after which he said the club saw him as a "trouble-maker".
He added he was the only player of colour in that group and was "the only one to get repercussions".
Moxon is currently absent from work because of a "stress-related illness" and Yorkshire said he "will be given the necessary support".
BBC Sport is approaching Bresnan for comment.
Yorkshire batter Ballance, who played 23 Tests for England, said earlier this month he "regrets" using racist language towards Rafiq, who he regarded as his "best mate in cricket".
Rafiq said he became friends with Zimbabwe-born Ballance when he joined Yorkshire from Derbyshire in 2008 because he felt he was an "outsider" as well and that others called Ballance "things that were out of order".
But he added their relationship "started to deteriorate" around 2013 because of Ballance's "conduct" and that his "behaviour was so disgusting" Rafiq raised it with an agent they shared.
Rafiq said they remained "amicable" but not close afterwards and that Ballance found the captaincy a "real struggle" in 2017, resulting in a "toxic" dressing room.
He added that Ballance used the name 'Kevin' as a "derogatory" term to refer to any player of colour and this was an "open secret", including within the England dressing room.
Rafiq said that England batter Alex Hales named his dog Kevin "because it's black".
"It's disgusting how much of a joke it was," said Rafiq.
He added that India batter Cheteshwar Pujara was called 'Steve' by coaches, players and the Yorkshire website after bowler Jack Brooks, who now plays for Somerset, started calling Pujara that because he could not pronounce his first name.
BBC Sport is approaching Hales and Brooks for comment.
Rafiq alleges former England captain and BBC cricket pundit Michael Vaughan said "too many of you lot, we need to do something about it" to him and three other Asian players in 2009 while they were all at Yorkshire.
England bowler Adil Rashid and former Pakistan bowler Rana Naved-ul-Hasan have corroborated the allegation, which Vaughan "completely and categorically denies".
"It's important on Michael that we don't make it all about Michael," said Rafiq.
"It was a long time ago. He might not remember it because it doesn't mean anything to him."
England Test captain Joe Root said the Yorkshire racism scandal has "fractured our game and torn lives apart" but that he could not recall any instance of racism during his time at the club.
Rafiq said Root has never used racist language but he found his statement "hurtful" because Root was Ballance's housemate and was on nights out when racist language directed at his Pakistan heritage was used.
"Joe might not remember it but that shows just how normal it was - even a good man like him can't see it for what it is," he said.
"The environment and institution is the problem."
Rafiq first spoke out last year, claiming "institutional racism" at Yorkshire left him close to taking his own life.
Seven of the 43 allegations were upheld by an independent panel last month and the report found he had been a victim of "racial harassment and bullying" at the club.
However, Yorkshire said they will not take disciplinary action against any player, employee or executive.
Hutton and Arthur have subsequently resigned, with Hutton's replacement as chairman, Lord Patel, apologising "unreservedly" to Rafiq.
BBC Sport is approaching Yorkshire for further comment in response to today's evidence.