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Acknowledgments
We thank P. Brehony, P. Tyrell, O. Venter, and P. Visconti for thoughtful comments on the manuscript.
Funding: M.D.M. acknowledges support from the MUR Rita Levi Montalcini program. W.D.K. acknowledges a University of Amsterdam (UvA) starting grant and financial support from the UvA Faculty Research Cluster “Global Ecology.” J.R.A. acknowledges support from Koobi Carbon.
Author contributions: J.R.A., T.W., S.C.A., J.E.M.W., and H.P.P. framed the study. J.R.A., S.C.A., M.D.M., G.G., and P.M. performed the analyses. J.R.A., H.P.P., S.C.A., A.W., M.D.M., S.H.M.B., V.M.A., W.D.K., T.W., C.S., G.G., K.K., P.M., M.M., B.A.Wil., K.R.J., B.A.Win., A.E.R., and J.E.M.W. discussed and interpreted the results and helped write the manuscript. J.R.A. wrote the manuscript with support from all authors.
Competing interests: The authors declare no financial competing interests. The authors who work for the Wildlife Conservation Society acknowledge that wilderness conservation is part of their organization’s agenda. Similarly, the authors from BirdLife International acknowledge that Key Biodiversity Areas are part of their organizational agenda.
Data and materials availability: All data developed in this paper (the spatial scenarios) are freely available at Dryad ( All data developed in this paper (the spatial scenarios) are freely available at Dryad ( 83 ). All other data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper or the supplementary materials.